Ng CY 1,2, Seghayat MS1, Normina AB1, Tan ESS1 , Tan CK1, sharmanee T1 , Ng ESC1, Amini F1*
1 School of Healthy Aging, Medical Aesthetics, Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University
2 Faculty of Applied Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
The choice and the quantity of foods and supplements intake have a robust impact on all nutrients’ body cellular concentration, affecting cellular functions, including DNA synthesis and repair. Body of evidence has shown that a balanced diet can decrease the oxidative DNA damage. An unbalanced diet may provoke the activation or deactivation of carcinogenic substances and leads to cancer development. This study was aimed to investigate the association of genotoxicity biomarkers and macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, and fat). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 131 Malay women aged 18 to 50 years old. Participant’s daily energy, macro, and micronutrient intake were extracted using a food frequency questionnaire. DNA damage, an indicator of genotoxicity, was measured as the percentage of DNA in the comet tail, where ≥10 indicates DNA damage. Data analysis was performed using a two-step cluster analysis. The two-step cluster solution model had a silhouette coefficient above 0.0, suggesting the validity of the within- and between-cluster distances. Based on the variables from which they were derived, the three clusters were named i. higher DNA damage cluster (mean tail DNA of 19.73) (mean age 27.4) with a moderate amount of macronutrient intake (protein 120.2 g, fat 92.79 g, and carbohydrate 318.67 g), ii. normal DNA cluster (mean tail DNA of 8.76) (mean age of 29.34) with the lowest intake of macronutrient (protein 106.26 g, fat 75.03 g, and carbohydrate 271.82 g), iii. mild DNA damage cluster (mean tail DNA % of 10.37) (mean age 27.4) with the highest intake of macronutrient (protein 323.23 g, fat 260.78g, and carbohydrate 704.4g). In conclusion, our results indicate that dietary macronutrients might not be the sole modulating factor for DNA damage.
